Diameter (outer) tunnel

For rectangular tunnels, the outer diameter is calculated approximately using formula from Japanese Cable Standard JCS 0501.

For circular tunnels, the outer diameter is the inner diameter plus the wall thickness.

Symbol
$Do_t$
Unit
m
Formulas
$\sqrt{\frac{4\left(w_t+2t_t\right) \left(h_t+2t_t\right)}{\pi}}$tunnel rectangular shape (JCS standard)
$Di_t+2t_t$tunnel circular shape
$\frac{1.3\left(\left(h_t+t_t\right) \left(w_t+t_t\right)\right)^{0.625}}{\left(h_t+w_t+2t_t\right)^{0.25}}$trough equivalent diameter (Huebscher)
Used in
$T_{tw}$