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Temperature of outer jacket

The temperature of the outer jacket is identical to the external temperature $theta_e$.

*** These formulae are valid when the outer temperature defines the load.

Symbol
$\theta_{hsj}$
Unit
°C
Formulae
$\theta_a+v_4 \Delta \theta_p-\left(v_4-1\right) \Delta \theta_x+\left(T_{4iii}+T_{4db}\right) v_4 W_{hs}$Heat sources buried
$\frac{W_{hs} T_{st} T_{sa}+\theta_t T_{sa}+\theta_{at} T_{st}}{T_{sa}+T_{st}}$Heat sources in tunnel
$\theta_{at}+T_{4iii} W_{hs}$Heat sources in trough
$\theta_a+v_4 \Delta \theta_p-\left(v_4-1\right) \Delta \theta_x+\left(T_{4iii}+T_{tr}\right) v_4 W_{hs}$Heat sources in filled troughs
$\theta_a+v_4 \Delta \theta_p-\left(v_4-1\right) \Delta \theta_x+\left(T_{4iii}+T_{4db}\right) v_4 W_{hs}+T_{hs} W_{hs}$*** Heat sources buried
Related
$\Delta \theta_p$
Temperature rise by other buried objects [K]
$\Delta \theta_x$
Critical soil temperature rise [K]
$T_{4db}$
Correction of thermal resistance for backfill [K.m/W]
$T_{4iii}$
Thermal resistance to ambient [K.m/W]
$T_{hs}$
Thermal resistance of heat source [K.m/W]
$T_{sa}$
Thermal resistance by convection, surface to air [K.m/W]
$T_{st}$
Radiation thermal resistance, surface to tunnel [K.m/W]
$T_{tr}$
Thermal resistance of trough [K.m/W]
$\theta_a$
Ambient temperature [°C]
$\theta_{at}$
Air temperature under load [°C]
$\theta_t$
Temperature of inner tunnel wall [°C]
$v_4$
Ratio thermal resistivity dry/moist soil
$W_{hs}$
Heat dissipation of heat source [W/m]