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Thermal resistance of the pipe to ambient

Symbol
$T_{4piii}$
Unit
K.m/W
Formulae
$\frac{\rho_4}{2\pi} \ln\left(u_p+\sqrt{{u_p}^2-1}\right)$
Related
$\pi$
Archimedes' constant $\pi$
$\rho_4$
Thermal resistivity of soil [K.m/W]
$u_p$
Substitution coefficient u
Used in
$\Delta \theta_{air}$
Temperature increase of air [K]
$T_{4db}$
Correction of thermal resistance for backfill [K.m/W]
$T_{4ss}$
Steady-state thermal resistance [K.m/W]