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OHTC of partially buried pipe

The overall heat transfer coefficient (OHTC) of partially buried pipes is commonly modeled as an average, weighted on the exposed wetted surface area of the pipe.

Case when $|D_{ext}/2|$ ≥ $H$.

Symbol
$U_{partially}$
Unit
W/(K.m$^2$)
Formulae
$\frac{\beta_b}{\pi} U_{exposed}+\left(1-\frac{\beta_b}{\pi}\right) U_{ground}$
Related
$\beta_b$
Angle of exposed wetted surface of pipe [rad]
$\pi$
Archimedes' constant $\pi$
$U_{exposed}$
OHTC of part of pipe in contact with water [W/(K.m$^2$)]
$U_{ground}$
OHTC of part of pipe in contact with ground [W/(K.m$^2$)]
Used in
$U_{OHTC}$
Overall heat transfer coefficient [W/(K.m$^2$)]