Losses outside of riser/J-tube

Symbol

$W_{de}$

Unit

W/m

Formulae

$\pi D_{do} h_{era} {\Delta \theta_s}^{1.09}-W_{sun}$

Related

$D_{do}$

Outer diameter of duct [m]

$\Delta \theta_s$

Temperature difference surface to ambient [K]

$h_{era}$

Convection heat transfer coefficient acc. ERA [W/(K.m$^2$)]

$\pi$

Archimedes' constant $\pi$

$W_{sun}$

Solar radiation heat transfer to surface [W/m]