Radiation heat transfer, surface to air

Radiation heat transfer from outer surface to ambient air.

Symbol
$W_{rad,sa}$
Unit
W/m
Formulae
$\sigma \pi D_o K_r \left(\left(\theta_e+\theta_{abs}\right)^4-\left(\theta_{film}+\theta_{abs}\right)^4\right)$surface to air, by Stefan–Boltzmann law
$\pi D_o h_{rad,sa} \left(\theta_e-\theta_{film}\right)$surface to air, using heat transfer coefficient