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The temperature of the outer jacket is identical to the external temperature $theta_e$.
*** These formulae are valid when the outer temperature defines the load.
| $\theta_{a}+v_{4} \Delta \theta_{p}-\left(v_{4}-1\right) \Delta \theta_{x}+T_{4\mu} v_{4} W_{hs}$ | heat sources buried |
| $\frac{W_{hs} T_{st} T_{sa}+\theta_{t} T_{sa}+\theta_{at} T_{st}}{T_{sa}+T_{st}}$ | heat sources in ventilated tunnel |
| $\theta_{t}+T_{4iii} W_{hs}$ | heat sources in channel (Heinhold) |
| $\theta_{at}+T_{4iii} W_{hs}$ | heat source in air-filled trough, in air-filled pipe with objects |
| $\theta_{a}+v_{4} \Delta \theta_{p}-\left(v_{4}-1\right) \Delta \theta_{x}+\left(T_{4iii}+T_{tr}\right) v_{4} W_{hs}$ | heat sources in filled troughs |