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Impedance of mutual earth return in ground

Refer to 'Electromagnetic Transients in Power Cables', F.F. da Silva, C.L. Bak (2013)

Symbol
$\mathscr{z}_{gm}$
Unit
$\Omega$/m
Formulae
$\frac{\rho_E {m_{z,e}}^2}{2\pi} \left(\operatorname{kv}\left(0, m_{z,e} S_m\right)+\frac{2}{4+{m_{z,e}}^2 {S_m}^2} e^{-2L_{cm} m_{z,e}}\right)$
Related
$L_{cm}$
Depth of laying [m]
$m_{z,e}$
Parameter m of earth
$\pi$
Archimedes' constant $\pi$
$\rho_E$
Specific electrical resistivity of soil [$\Omega$.m]
$S_m$
Separation of conductors in a system [m]